Describe the pathophysiology and morphologic assessment of the aortic valve. |
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Review basic assessment of AS severity: AS peak jet velocity, mean transvalvular pressure gradient and aortic valve area by continuity equation. |
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Recognize common sources of error for area and gradient measurements, including LVOT diameter measurements and Doppler beam alignment with the flow jet(s). |
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Review advanced assessment of AS severity: basic grading criteria, low flow-low gradient AS with reduced and preserved ejection fraction. |
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Recognize assessment of the LV in the presence of AS. |
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Identify aortic regurgitation and dilated aortic root. |
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Describe prognostic markers and follow-up assessment. |
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