| Describe the advantages and changes in anesthesia management associated with the shift from median sternotomy to MICS coronary artery bypass graft (CABG). |
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| Describe the changes in surgical technique associated with MICS CABG. |
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| Outline the set-up and steps of the surgical procedure and role of the anesthesiologist in MICS. |
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| Implement techniques to manage the hemodynamic perturbations that occur with manipulating the beating heart during off-pump CABG surgery and single-lung ventilation. |
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| Be prepared to initiate cardiopulmonary bypass support during MICS CABG when necessary. |
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| Utilize clear, continuous communication between surgeon and anesthesiologist. |
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